ECOWAS Trade Liberalisation Scheme (ETLS) Explained
The ECOWAS Trade Liberalisation Scheme lets regional farm produce cross borders duty-free, but traders still need the right papers and patience at checkpoints.
3 min read
Phytosanitary Certificate in Ghana: How Exporters Get One
Most plant products leaving Ghana need a phytosanitary certificate from PPRSD, issued only after the exporter is registered and the consignment passes inspection.
3 min read
AfCFTA Rules of Origin Explained for Agricultural Exporters
A plain guide to when crops, livestock and processed farm goods count as originating under the AfCFTA, and what an exporter must show.
3 min read
FOB vs CIF for Agricultural Exports: Who Pays What
What the three-letter terms in a buyer's offer mean for a West African exporter of cashew, shea, sesame or ginger, and where risk and cost change hands.
3 min read
Agro-Commodity Export Scams: Warning Signs and Checks
The warning signs official trade offices describe in cocoa, cashew and gold-linked deals, and the checks to run before any money or goods move.
2 min read
Letter of Credit or Advance Payment for Commodity Exports
How the four common ways of getting paid for a commodity shipment share risk between seller and buyer, and what to ask the bank first.
3 min read